Postman接口测试用例自动转成Python的测试脚本

网安-轩逸

426人浏览 · 2026-03-14 19:47:00

网安-轩逸 · 2026-03-14 19:47:00 发布

在使用PosMan做服务端的自动化测试中，我们可以把测试用例加到一个Collection中，但是随着测试用例越来越多，以及工作的需求，我们需要把PostMan中的测试用例需要迁移到脚本的方式实现，平常的迁移思路是我们在脚本里面把之前的接口测试用例重新实现，这样相对而言它的成本是比较高的，特别是涉及的自动化测试用例特别多的时候。我们可以把Collection里面的测试用例导入出来，它是JSON的文件，然后我们解析这些JSON文件，让它自动的转成Python测试代码，从而轻松的完成这样的一个过程。被测试的API代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#!coding:utf-8

from flask import Flask,jsonify

from flask_restful import Api,Resource

app=Flask(__name__)

api=Api(app)

class LoginView(Resource):

def get(self):

return {'status':0,'msg':'ok','data':'this is a login page'}

def post(self):

parser=reqparse.RequestParser()

parser.add_argument('username', type=str, required=True, help='用户名不能为空')

parser.add_argument('password',type=str,required=True,help='账户密码不能为空')

parser.add_argument('age',type=int,help='年龄必须为正正数')

parser.add_argument('sex',type=str,help='性别只能是男或者女',choices=['女','男'])

args=parser.parse_args()

return jsonify(args)

api.add_resource(LoginView,'/login',endpoint='login')

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run(debug=True)

在PostMan里面创建Collection名称login，里面的接口测试用例具体如下：

服务端测试之PostMan自动生成测试脚本_接口测试

在PostMan里面导出该Collection,命名为login.json,login.json文件的内容为：

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{

"info": {

"_postman_id": "982a3108-6710-4a71-aaf8-e62a00d1813c",

"name": "login",

"schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json"

},

"item": [

{

"name": "校验用户名不能为空",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":18\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response": []

},

{

"name": "校验密码不能为空",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":18\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response": []

},

{

"name": "校验性别参数不是男或者女",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"asdf\",\n\t\"age\":18\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response": []

},

{

"name": "校验年龄不是正整数",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":\"rrest\"\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response": []

},

{

"name": "校验登录成功",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":\"18\"\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response": []

}

],

"protocolProfileBehavior": {}

}

本质上而言，它就是一个JSON文件，使用Python文件对它进行反序列化处理成字典数据类型，然后操作字典，这个过程相对来说不难，具体实现的代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#!coding:utf-8

import requests

import json

import pytest

def operationJson():

'''对login.json文件进行处理'''

return json.load(open('login.json','r'))['item']

@pytest.mark.parametrize('datas',operationJson())

def test_api_login(datas):

'''登录API的校验测试'''

r=requests.request(

method=datas['request']['method'],

url=datas['request']['url']['raw'],

json=json.loads(datas['request']['body']['raw']))

print(json.dumps(r.json(),ensure_ascii=False))

if __name__ == '__main__':

pytest.main(["-s","-v","test_login.py"])

使用Pytest框架的参数化几行代码就可以搞定了，当然断言需要单独的加。这个过程的思路其实非常简单，就是对JSON的文件处理成字典，然后利用Pytest框架的参数化来循环处理。当然可以把JSON文件简单的添加下断言，就更加智能化，添加的内容添加到response的里面内容，对login.json都在里面添加下验证点，完善后的文件内容为：

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{

"info": {

"_postman_id": "982a3108-6710-4a71-aaf8-e62a00d1813c",

"name": "login",

"schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json"

},

"item": [

{

"name": "校验用户名不能为空",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":18\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response":

{

"message": {

"username": "用户名不能为空"

}

},

{

"name": "校验密码不能为空",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":18\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response":

{

"message": {

"password": "账户密码不能为空"

}

},

{

"name": "校验性别参数不是男或者女",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"asdf\",\n\t\"age\":18\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response":

{

"message": {

"sex": "性别只能是男或者女"

}

},

{

"name": "校验年龄不是正整数",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":\"rrest\"\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response":

{

"message": {

"age": "年龄必须为正正数"

}

},

{

"name": "校验登录成功",

"request": {

"method": "POST",

"header": [

{

"key": "Content-Type",

"name": "Content-Type",

"value": "application/json",

"type": "text"

}

],

"body": {

"mode": "raw",

"raw": "{\n\t\"username\":\"wuya\",\n\t\"password\":\"admin\",\n\t\"sex\":\"男\",\n\t\"age\":\"18\"\n}",

"options": {

"raw": {

"language": "json"

}

},

"url": {

"raw": "http://localhost:5000/login",

"protocol": "http",

"host": [

"localhost"

],

"port": "5000",

"path": [

"login"

]

}

},

"response":

{

"age": 18,

"password": "admin",

"sex": "男",

"username": "wuya"

}

],

"protocolProfileBehavior": {}

}

继续完善测试代码，增加接口的断言，完善后的代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#!coding:utf-8

import requests

import json

import pytest

def operationJson():

'''对login.json文件进行处理'''

return json.load(open('login.json','r'))['item']

@pytest.mark.parametrize('datas',operationJson())

def test_api_login(datas):

'''登录API的校验测试'''

# print(type(datas['response']))

r=requests.request(

method=datas['request']['method'],

url=datas['request']['url']['raw'],

json=json.loads(datas['request']['body']['raw']))

assert r.json()==datas['response']

if __name__ == '__main__':

pytest.main(["-s","-v","test_login.py"])

执行如上的测试代码，见如下图展示的执行结果信息：

服务端测试之PostMan自动生成测试脚本_自动化测试_02

依据如上，很轻松的实现了PostMan里面的接口测试用例自动的转成了Python的测试脚本，而且带了断言的信息。

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