Elasticsearch - Java API 操作 ES7.15.0、ES7.x 索引，文档；高级搜索（六）

zxfBdd

96人浏览 · 2025-10-22 11:02:12

zxfBdd · 2025-10-22 11:02:12 发布

本文介绍了如何使用Java API客户端ElasticsearchJavaAPIClient进行Elasticsearch 7.15的下载、安装、索引操作、文档操作，以及高级查询技巧，包括全量查询、条件查询和聚合分析等。
阅读本文前可先参考
Elasticsearch - Elasticsearch详解；安装部署（一）_MinggeQingchun的博客-CSDN博客

https://blog.csdn.net/MinggeQingchun/article/details/126618387

Elasticsearch 软件是由 Java 语言开发的，所以也可以通过 Java API 的方式对 Elasticsearch服务进行访问

以 Elasticsearch7.15.0版本为例

一、Elasticsearch 下载安装部署
下载地址
Elasticsearch 7.15.0 | Elastic

https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/past-releases/elasticsearch-7-15-0

Windows版下载之后直接解压到目标目录下即可

二、Elasticsearch 客户端对象
在Elasticsearch7.15版本之后，Elasticsearch官方将它的高级客户端 RestHighLevelClient 标记为弃用状态

同时推出了全新的Java API客户端Elasticsearch Java API Client，该客户端也将在Elasticsearch8.0及以后版本中成为官方推荐使用的客户端

1、创建空工程elasticsearch-demo，创建普通Java的maven模块elasticsearch-test

2、添加依赖

查看Elasticsearch官网文档

Appendix A: Dependencies and versions | Elasticsearch Guide [7.15] | Elastic

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.15/dependencies-versions.html

<dependencies>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
<version>7.15.0</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
<version>7.15.0</version>
</dependency>


<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>2.11.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.11.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.10.4</version>
</dependency>


<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

三、索引操作
1、创建索引
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 创建索引
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user");
CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse =
esClient.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

// 响应状态
boolean acknowledged = createIndexResponse.isAcknowledged();
System.out.println("索引操作：" + acknowledged);

esClient.close();

2、查询索引
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 查询索引
GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest("user");

GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse =
esClient.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

// 响应状态
System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getAliases());
System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getMappings());
System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getSettings());

esClient.close();

3、删除索引
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 查询索引
DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("user");

AcknowledgedResponse response = esClient.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

// 响应状态
System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());

esClient.close();

四、文档操作
1、创建文档
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 插入数据
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
request.index("user").id("1001");

User user = new User();
user.setName("zhangsan");
user.setAge(30);
user.setSex("男");

// 向ES插入数据，必须将数据转换位JSON格式
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String userJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
request.source(userJson, XContentType.JSON);

IndexResponse response = esClient.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.getResult());

esClient.close();

2、查询文档
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 查询数据
GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
request.index("user").id("1001");
GetResponse response = esClient.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.getSourceAsString());

esClient.close();

3、修改文档
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 修改数据
UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
request.index("user").id("1001");
request.doc(XContentType.JSON, "sex", "女");

UpdateResponse response = esClient.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.getResult());

esClient.close();

4、删除文档
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
request.index("user").id("1001");

DeleteResponse response = esClient.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(response.toString());

esClient.close();

5、批量新增
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 批量插入数据
BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();

// request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1001").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "zhangsan", "age",30,"sex","男"));
// request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1002").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "lisi", "age",30,"sex","女"));
// request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1003").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu", "age",40,"sex","男"));
// request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1004").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu1", "age",40,"sex","女"));
// request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1005").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu2", "age",50,"sex","男"));
// request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1006").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu3", "age",50,"sex","男"));
//request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1007").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu44", "age",60,"sex","男"));
//request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1008").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu555", "age",60,"sex","男"));
request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1009").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "wangwu66666", "age",60,"sex","男"));

BulkResponse response = esClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(response.getTook());
System.out.println(response.getItems());

esClient.close();

6、批量删除
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 批量删除数据
BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();

request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1001"));
request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1002"));
request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1003"));

BulkResponse response = esClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(response.getTook());
System.out.println(response.getItems());

esClient.close();

五、高级查询
1、全量查询
RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);

// 1. 查询索引的所有数据
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

// 构造查询条件
SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
builder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());

request.source(builder);

SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(response.getTook());
System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
Iterator<SearchHit> iterator = hits.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SearchHit hit = iterator.next();
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

esClient.close();

// 1、查询索引中全部的数据
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()));

SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

2、条件查询
// 2. 条件查询 : termQuery
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("age", 30)));
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

3、分页查询
// 3. 分页查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
// (当前页码-1)*每页显示数据条数
builder.from(2);
builder.size(2);
request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

4、排序查询
// 4. 查询排序
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
//
builder.sort("age", SortOrder.DESC);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

5、过滤查询
// 5. 过滤字段
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
//
String[] excludes = {"age"};
String[] includes = {};
builder.fetchSource(includes, excludes);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

6、组合查询
// 6. 组合查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();

//boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", 30));
//boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("sex", "男"));
//boolQueryBuilder.mustNot(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("sex", "男"));
boolQueryBuilder.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", 30));
boolQueryBuilder.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", 40));

builder.query(boolQueryBuilder);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

7、范围查询
// 7. 范围查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
RangeQueryBuilder rangeQuery = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age");

rangeQuery.gte(30);
rangeQuery.lt(50);

builder.query(rangeQuery);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

8、模糊查询
// 8. 模糊查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
builder.query(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("name", "wangwu").fuzziness(Fuzziness.TWO));

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

9、高亮查询
// 9. 高亮查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
TermsQueryBuilder termsQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termsQuery("name", "zhangsan");

HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();
highlightBuilder.preTags("<font color='red'>");
highlightBuilder.postTags("</font>");
highlightBuilder.field("name");

builder.highlighter(highlightBuilder);
builder.query(termsQueryBuilder);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

10、聚合查询
// 10. 聚合查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

AggregationBuilder aggregationBuilder = AggregationBuilders.max("maxAge").field("age");
builder.aggregation(aggregationBuilder);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

11、分组查询
// 11. 分组查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("user");

SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

AggregationBuilder aggregationBuilder = AggregationBuilders.terms("ageGroup").field("age");
builder.aggregation(aggregationBuilder);

request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

SearchHits hits = response.getHits();

System.out.println(hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println(response.getTook());

for ( SearchHit hit : hits ) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}

esClient.close();

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