以下是在 CentOS 9 上源码编译安装 LNMP 架构（Nginx + MySQL 8 + PHP 8.2）的完整指南，所有步骤均经过验证：

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一、环境准备

# 更新系统
dnf update -y

# 安装基础编译工具
dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
dnf install epel-release -y
dnf install cmake bison flex libtool autoconf openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel \
            libxml2-devel libcurl-devel gd-devel sqlite-devel oniguruma-devel -y

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二、编译安装 Nginx

1. 下载源码

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.24.0

2. 编译配置

./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
  --with-http_ssl_module \
  --with-http_v2_module \
  --with-http_realip_module \
  --with-http_stub_status_module \
  --with-http_gzip_static_module \
  --with-pcre \
  --with-stream

3. 编译安装

make -j$(nproc)
make install

4. 创建系统服务

创建 /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service：

[Unit]
Description=Nginx
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务：

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

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三、编译安装 MySQL 8

1. 安装依赖

dnf install ncurses-devel openssl-devel libtirpc-devel rpcgen -y

2. 下载源码

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.33.tar.gz
tar zxvf mysql-8.0.33.tar.gz
cd mysql-8.0.33

3. 编译配置

cmake . \
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
  -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
  -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  -DWITH_SSL=system \
  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci \
  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

4. 编译安装

make -j$(nproc)
make install

5. 初始化数据库

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir mysql-files
chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
chmod 750 mysql-files
bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

6. 创建系统服务

创建 /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service：

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE=5000

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务：

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysql
systemctl enable mysql

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四、编译安装 PHP 8.2

1. 下载源码

wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.2.10.tar.gz
tar zxvf php-8.2.10.tar.gz
cd php-8.2.10

2. 编译配置

./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/php \
  --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
  --enable-fpm \
  --with-fpm-user=nginx \
  --with-fpm-group=nginx \
  --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
  --with-openssl \
  --with-zlib \
  --with-curl \
  --with-gd \
  --enable-mbstring \
  --enable-opcache

3. 编译安装

make -j$(nproc)
make install

4. 配置文件

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

5. 创建系统服务

创建 /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service：

[Unit]
Description=PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务：

useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm

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五、配置 Nginx 支持 PHP

编辑 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /usr/local/nginx/html;

    location / {
        index index.php index.html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

测试配置并重启：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

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六、验证安装

1. 创建测试文件：

echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/local/nginx/html/info.php

1. 访问 http://服务器IP/info.php 应显示 PHP 信息页

2. 检查 MySQL 连接：

/usr/local/php/bin/php -r "new mysqli('localhost', 'root', '', 'mysql');"

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常见问题解决

1. 依赖缺失：根据编译错误提示安装对应开发包
2. 端口冲突：确保 80（Nginx）、3306（MySQL）、9000（PHP-FPM）端口空闲
3. 权限问题：所有服务使用专用用户运行（Nginx: nginx，MySQL: mysql）
4. 防火墙：开放端口：

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service={http,https}
firewall-cmd --reload

提示：生产环境建议配置 SELinux 规则和 HTTPS 加密。源码安装路径为 /usr/local/，所有二进制文件需使用完整路径调用（如 /usr/local/php/bin/php）。