Python - fake_useragent使用

pip install fake-useragent
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting fake-useragent
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/6a/07/559a096bb0e1a971ace2f42f103299152d0499c2a78506b6b3d5ffa28887/fake_useragent-1.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (50 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 50 kB 790 kB/s

2.fake-useragent例子

2.1查看版本

from fake_useragent import UserAgent
ua = UserAgent()

print(ua.random)
print(ua.safari)
print(ua.google)
print(ua.opera)
print(ua.msie)
print(ua.ie)
print(ua.firefox)

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2486.0 Safari/537.36 Edge/13.9200
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X; ru-ru) AppleWebKit/522.11.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0.3 Safari/522.12.1
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2762.73 Safari/537.36
Opera/5.11 (Windows 98; U)  [en]
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3; Trident/6.0)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 2.7.58687; SLCC2; Media Center PC 5.0; Zune 3.4; Tablet PC 3.6; InfoPath.3)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.9) Gecko/20071025 Firefox/2.0.0.9

3.查看

url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/question/54547736/answer/2534550597'
headers = {
    "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36"
}
response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)

4.获取页面

import param as param
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import requests

url = 'https://hanyu.sogou.com/?query=%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%A8%E6%99%9A%E6%88%90'
headers = {"User-Agent": UserAgent().chrome}

res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)

print(res.content)

f = open('test.html', 'w')
f.write(str(res.content))
f.close()

获取sogou的页面

b'<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-cn" data-env="production" data-tag="hanyu-pc-20221129193338"><head><title>\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\x8b\x97\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad</title><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="format-detection" content="address=no"><meta name="title" content="\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\x8b\x97\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad \xe2\x80\x94 \xe4\xbd\xa0\xe7\x9a\x84\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad\xe5\xad\xa6\xe4\xb9\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd\xe5\xb8\xae\xe6\x89\x8b"><meta name="keywords" content="\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\x8b\x97 \xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad \xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\x8b\x97\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad"><meta name="description" content="\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\x8b\x97\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad\xe4\xb8\xba\xe6\x82\xa8\xe6\x8f\x90\xe4\xbe\x9b\xe5\x85\x8d\xe8\xb4\xb9\xe3\x80\x81\xe6\x9d\x83\xe5\xa8\x81\xe7\x9a\x84\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad\xe7\x9f\xa5\xe8\xaf\x86\xe6\x9c\x8d\xe5\x8a\xa1\xe3\x80\x82\xe5\x8c\x85\xe5\x90\xab\xe6\xb1\x89\xe5\xad\x97\xe3\x80\x81\xe8\xaf\x8d\xe8\xaf\xad\xe3\x80\x81\xe6\x88\x90\xe8\xaf\xad\xe3\x80\x81\xe8\xaf\x97\xe8\xaf\x8d\xe3\x80\x81\xe4\xbd\x9c\xe6\x96\x87\xe7\xad\x89\xe5\x85\xa8\xe7\xb1\xbb\xe5\x88\xab\xe5\x86\x85\xe5\xae\xb9\xe3\x80\x82"><meta itemprop="name"><meta itemprop="image"><meta itemprop="description" name="description"><meta name="reqinfo" content="uuid:ec01c60b-aa35-4111-b2ac-76c5eab80dd3, server:10.162.133.217, time:2022-12-23 22:00:24, iploc:CN3502, idc:hb"><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge, chrome=1"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="max-age=0"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link type="image/x-icon" href="//dlweb.sogoucdn.com/translate/favicon.ico?v=20180424" rel="icon"><link type="image/x-icon" href="//dlweb.sogoucdn.com/translate/favicon.ico?v=20180424" rel="Shortcut Icon"><link type="image/x-icon" href="//dlweb.sogoucdn.com/translate/favicon.ico?v=20180424" rel="bookmark"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="//dlweb.sogoucdn.com/translate/wap/static/img/logo_gray_80.png"><script>/**\n * https://tam.cdn-go.cn/aegis-sdk/v1.35.2/aegis.min.13.js\n * Last Release Time Thu Nov 25 2021 22:10:42 GMT+0800 (GMT+08:00)\n **/\n !function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):(e="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:e||self).Aegis=t()}(this,function(){"use strict";var t,n;function 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e,n,i,o,r}}))},ce.prototype.uploadLogs=function(e,t){this.lifeCycle.emit("uploadLogs",e=void 0===e?{}:e,t=void 0===t?{}:t)},ce.sessionID="session-"+Date.now(),ce.asyncPlugin={},ce.urls={aegisCollect:"https://aegis.qq.com/collect",flog:"https://cdn-go.cn/vasdev/web_webpersistance_v2/v1.8.2/flog.core.min.js",shadowLog:""},ce);function ce(e){var t,n,i,o,r,s=ne.call(this,e)||this;s.requestQueue=[],s.requesting=!1,s.speedLogPipeline=w([(o=s.config,r={},function(e,t){var n,i;o.speedSample?(i="object"==typeof o.repeat?o.repeat:{repeat:o.repeat},n=+i.speed||+i.repeat||5,Array.isArray(e)?(i=e.filter(function(e){var t=!r[e.url]||r[e.url]<n;return r[e.url]=1+~~r[e.url],t})).length&&t(i):(!r[e.url]||r[e.url]<n)&&(r[e.url]=1+~~r[e.url],t(e))):t(e)}),y(s),(i=s,function(t,n){U(function(e){i.extendBean("netType",e),n(t)})}),function(e,t){s.lifeCycle.emit("beforeReportSpeed",e);var o=s.config.beforeReportSpeed;if((e="function"==typeof o?e.filter(function(e){var t,n,i=!1!==o(e);return"fetch"===e.type&&void 0===e.ret&&e.payload&&(t=(n=function(e,t,n){var i;try{if("function"==typeof(null==t?void 0:t.retCodeHandler)){var o=t.retCodeHandler(e,null==n?void 0:n.url,null==n?void 0:n.ctx)||{};return{code:void 0===(r=o.code)?"unknown":r,isErr:o.isErr}}"string"==typeof e&&(e=JSON.parse(e)),"function"==typeof(null===(i=null==t?void 0:t.ret)||void 0===i?void 0:i.join)&&(c=[].concat(t.ret.map(function(e){return e.toLowerCase()})));var r,s=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e).filter(function(e){return-1!==c.indexOf(e.toLowerCase())});return s.length?{code:""+(r=Number(e[s[0]])),isErr:0!==r}:{code:"unknown",isErr:!1}}catch(e){return{code:"unknown",isErr:!1}}}(e.payload.data.response,s.config.api,{url:e.payload.data.url,ctx:e.payload.data})||{}).code,n=n.isErr,e.ret=t,e.isErr=+n),i}):e).length)return t(e)},function(e){return s.sendPipeline([function(e,t){var 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href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/css/app.3f40f372.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/app.1a08a115.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/index.128f2cfb.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/css/1.f8dd8ab0.css"><link rel="prefetch" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/css/4.b6af2be8.css"><link rel="prefetch" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/4.d19b6161.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/detail.1b2793cb.js"><link rel="stylesheet" href="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/css/app.3f40f372.css"></head><body><div id="app"> <div id="pageApp" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="wrap"><div class="header-index"><div class="top-nav"><ul><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:page;uigd_mids:page;uigs_id:pageclk"><a href="//www.sogou.com/web?ie=utf8" data-type="page" data-key="query" target="_blank">\xe7\xbd\x91\xe9\xa1\xb5</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:wechat;uigd_mids:wechat;uigs_id:wechatclk"><a href="//weixin.sogou.com/weixin?ie=utf8" data-type="wechat" data-key="query" target="_blank">\xe5\xbe\xae\xe4\xbf\xa1</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:zhihu;uigd_mids:zhihu;uigs_id:zhihuclk"><a href="//zhihu.sogou.com/zhihu?ie=utf8&amp;p=73351201" data-type="zhihu" data-key="query" target="_blank">\xe7\x9f\xa5\xe4\xb9\x8e</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:pic;uigd_mids:pic;uigs_id:picclk"><a href="//pic.sogou.com/pics?ie=utf8&amp;p=40230504" data-type="pic" data-key="query" target="_blank">\xe5\x9b\xbe\xe7\x89\x87</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:video;uigd_mids:video;uigs_id:videoclk"><a href="//v.sogou.com/v?ie=utf8&amp;p=40230608" data-type="video" data-key="query" target="_blank">\xe8\xa7\x86\xe9\xa2\x91</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:mingyi;uigd_mids:mingyi;uigs_id:mingyiclk"><a href="//www.sogou.com/web?m2web=mingyi.sogou.com&amp;ie=utf8" data-type="mingyi" data-key="keyword" target="_blank">\xe5\x8c\xbb\xe7\x96\x97</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:hanyu;uigd_mids:hanyu;uigs_id:hanyuclk" class="cur"><span>\xe6\xb1\x89\xe8\xaf\xad</span></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:fanyi;uigd_mids:fanyi;uigs_id:fanyiclk"><a href="//fanyi.sogou.com/?fr=common_index_nav_pc_result&amp;ie=utf8" data-type="fanyi" data-key="keyword" target="_blank">\xe7\xbf\xbb\xe8\xaf\x91</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:wenwen;uigd_mids:wenwen;uigs_id:wenwenclk"><a href="//wenwen.sogou.com/?ie=utf8&amp;ch=hanyusearch" data-type="wenwen" data-key="w" target="_blank">\xe9\x97\xae\xe9\x97\xae</a></li><li data-uigs="pbtype:cl;uigsmid:baike;uigd_mids:baike;uigs_id:baikeclk"><a href="//baike.sogou.com/" data-type="baike" data-key="query" target="_blank">\xe7\x99\xbe\xe7\xa7\x91</a></li> <li class="show-more"><a href="javascript:void(0);">\n          \xe6\x9b\xb4\xe5\xa4\x9a\n    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name="query" maxlength="100" placeholder="\xe8\xaf\xb7\xe8\xbe\x93\xe5\x85\xa5\xe8\xa6\x81\xe6\x9f\xa5\xe8\xaf\xa2\xe7\x9a\x84\xe5\x8d\x95\xe5\xad\x97\xe3\x80\x81\xe8\xaf\x8d\xe8\xaf\xad\xe3\x80\x81\xe6\x88\x90\xe8\xaf\xad" len="80" autocomplete="off" value="" class="sec-input"> <!----></span> <span class="enter-input"><input type="submit" value="\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\x8b\x97\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\xb4\xa2"></span> <div class="suggestion nobg" style="display:none;"><div class="suginner"><ul class="suglist"></ul></div> <div class="sug-history" style="display: block;"><!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="footer-hanyu fixed"><a href="http://fuwu.sogou.com/" target="_blank">\xe4\xbc\x81\xe4\xb8\x9a\xe6\x8e\xa8\xe5\xb9\xbf</a> -\n  <a href="https://www.sogou.com/docs/terms.htm?v=1" target="_blank">\xe5\x85\x8d\xe8\xb4\xa3\xe5\xa3\xb0\xe6\x98\x8e</a> -\n  <a href="http://fankui.help.sogou.com/index.php/web/web/index?type=4&stype=hanyu" target="_blank">\xe6\x84\x8f\xe8\xa7\x81\xe5\x8f\x8d\xe9\xa6\x88\xe5\x8f\x8a\xe6\x8a\x95\xe8\xaf\x89</a>\n  -\n  <a target="_blank" href="http://corp.sogou.com/private.html" class="g">\xe9\x9a\x90\xe7\xa7\x81\xe6\x94\xbf\xe7\xad\x96</a> <br>\n  \xc2\xa9  SOGOU.COM - \xe4\xba\xacICP\xe8\xaf\x81050897\xe5\x8f\xb7 -\n  <a href="//www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=11000002000025" target="_blank">\xe4\xba\xac\xe5\x85\xac\xe7\xbd\x91\xe5\xae\x89\xe5\xa4\x87\xe4\xba\xac\xe5\x85\xac\xe7\xbd\x91\xe5\xae\x89\xe5\xa4\x8711000002000025\xe5\x8f\xb7</a> <i class="ba"></i></div></div></div><script>window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"CONFIG":{"loadTime":1671804024312,"terminal":"","isIE":0,"wuid":1671804024312},"home":{"suggType":"","query":"","suggList":[],"tipsShow":false,"tipsString":"","queryLength":40},"detail":{"query":"\xe7\x89\x9b\xe6\x8e\xb0","resultType":"\xe8\xaf\xa6\xe6\x83\x85\xe9\xa1\xb5","queryType":"\xe8\xaf\x8d\xe8\xaf\xad","qType":"ciyu_pc","pageType":"detail_pc","resultData":{"ciyuData":{"text":"\xe7\x89\x9b\xe6\x8e\xb0","bspic":"","bsvideo":"","bsnum":0,"fanti":"\xe7\x89\x9b\xe6\x8e\xb0","pinyin":["ni\xc3\xba b\xc4\x81i"],"yuyin":["http:\\u002F\\u002Fpic04.sogoucdn.com\\u002Fs3\\u002Fa\\u002F201033\\u002F1e36a6a86b44bea6133c8501633bdb20.mp3"],"cygspic":"","cygstime":"","cygsvideo":"","cygsvideolink":""},"isduoyin":false,"zuci":[],"jyc":[],"fyc":[],"liju":[],"shiyi":["\xe5\xbe\x88\xe5\xbc\xba\xe6\x82\x8d\xe3\x80\x82"],"shiyiBase":[{"pinyin":"ni\xc3\xba 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s;(s=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(s);}());</script><script src="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/vendors.8629acfd.js" defer></script><script src="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/index.128f2cfb.js" defer></script><script src="//search.sogoucdn.com/hanyu/pc/static/js/app.1a08a115.js" defer></script> </div><script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//dlweb.sogoucdn.com/vs/static/js/vsbundle.3ed018b1.js"></script></body></html> <!--zly-->'

通过浏览器查看

5.随机获取20个代理

import json
import random


class userAgent(object):
    """
        直接将 网页的源码复制下载之后, 可以使用此类进行解析
        self.user_agent_data 是 读取 文件的,
    """

    def __init__(self, json_file="user_agent.json"):
        """
        :param json_file: 下载后内容保存的文件
        """
        self.json_file = json_file
        self.ua_data = self.user_agent_data().get("browsers")
        self.b = ['chrome', 'opera', 'firefox', 'safari', 'internetexplorer']
        # -------
        self.chrome = lambda: random.choice(self.ua_data.get("chrome"))
        self.opera = lambda: random.choice(self.ua_data.get("opera"))
        self.firefox = lambda: random.choice(self.ua_data.get("firefox"))
        self.safari = lambda: random.choice(self.ua_data.get("safari"))
        self.ie = lambda: random.choice(self.ua_data.get("internetexplorer"))
        self.random = lambda: random.choice(self.ua_data.get(random.choice(self.b)))

    def user_agent_data(self):
        with open(self.json_file, "r") as fp:
            data = fp.read()
        return json.loads(data)


ua = userAgent()

for i in range(20):
    print(ua.random())

Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.6; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; InfoPath.2; SLCC1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727) 3gpp-gba UNTRUSTED/1.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; OpenBSD amd64; rv:28.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/28.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; AS; rv:11.0) like Gecko
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.2309.372 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (Android 2.2; Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.19.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.3 Safari/533.19.4
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; fr-ch) AppleWebKit/533.19.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.3 Safari/533.19.4
Mozilla/1.22 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows 3.1)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:21.0) Gecko/20130401 Firefox/21.0
Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; bg) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.10
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.93 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:22.0) Gecko/20130405 Firefox/22.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1468.0 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; Media Center PC 4.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 3.0.04320)
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27
Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; Ubuntu/14.10) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.90 Safari/537.36

总结

fake-useragent user-agent 字串史可以说明曾对 user-agent 说不的原因

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