如图我们需要给所有Attribute扩展以下2种属性

etc/adminhtml/di.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">

    <type name="Magento\Catalog\Block\Adminhtml\Product\Attribute\Edit\Tab\Front">
        <plugin name="extension_attribute_edit_form" type="Pje\Catalog\Plugin\Block\Adminhtml\Product\Attribute\Edit\Tab\Front" sortOrder="1"/>
    </type>

</config>

etc/db_schema.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<schema xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Setup/Declaration/Schema/etc/schema.xsd">


    <table name="catalog_eav_attribute" resource="default" engine="innodb" comment="Catalog EAV Attribute Table">
        <column xsi:type="smallint" name="used_tip" unsigned="true" nullable="false"
                identity="false" default="0" comment="Custom tips"/>
        <column xsi:type="smallint" name="show_mode" unsigned="true" nullable="false"
                identity="false" default="0" comment="Custom mode"/>
    </table>

</schema>

app\code\Pje\Catalog\Plugin\Block\Adminhtml\Product\Attribute\Edit\Tab\Front.php

<?php
namespace Pje\Catalog\Plugin\Block\Adminhtml\Product\Attribute\Edit\Tab;

class Front
{

    protected $custom;
    protected $_coreRegistry;

    public function __construct(
        \Magento\Config\Model\Config\Source\Yesno $custom,
        \Magento\Framework\Registry $_coreRegistry
    ) {
        $this->custom = $custom;
        $this->_coreRegistry = $_coreRegistry;
    }

    public function aroundGetFormHtml(
        \Magento\Catalog\Block\Adminhtml\Product\Attribute\Edit\Tab\Front $subject,
        \Closure $proceed
    )
    {
        $attributeObject = $this->getAttributeObject();
        $customSource = $this->custom->toOptionArray();
        $form = $subject->getForm();
        $fieldset = $form->getElement('front_fieldset');
        $fieldset->addField(
            'used_tip',
            'select',
            [
                'name' => 'used_tip',
                'label' => __('Used Tip'),
                'title' => __('Used Tip'),
                'value' => $attributeObject->getData('used_tip'),
                'values' => $customSource,
            ]
        );
        $fieldset->addField(
            'show_mode',
            'select',
            [
                'name' => 'show_mode',
                'label' => __('Show Mode'),
                'title' => __('Show Mode'),
                'value' => $attributeObject->getData('show_mode'),
                'values' => array(
                    array('label' => 'None', 'value' => 0),
                    array('label' => 'Pic Mode', 'value' => 1),
                    array('label' => 'Color Mode', 'value' => 2),
                    array('label' => 'Text Mode', 'value' => 3),
                    array('label' => 'Circle Mode', 'value' => 4),
                    array('label' => 'Drop Mode', 'value' => 5),
                    array('label' => 'Custom Mode', 'value' => 6),
                ),
            ]
        );
        return $proceed();
    }

    private function getAttributeObject()
    {
        return $this->_coreRegistry->registry('entity_attribute');
    }
}

最后执行命令：sh pub/shell/deploy_all.sh